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> were any Redmonds involved in the 1798 rebellion
Here are some notes on this ...
1740 William HORE reported Rev. Fr. Patrick REDMOND, P.P.
was "a Popish clergyman in the Mass House of Taghmon"
residing at the house of his brother,
James REDMOND of UK,Ireland,Taghmon,Harveystown.
HORE "locked up the Mass House & allowed no admittance
into it in the shape of the Popish worship".
1753 Bishop SWEETMAN's report on Rev. Fr. Patrick REDMOND
says that he was an able pastor & a good preacher.
1790s/late It was an age of revolution in America & France.
People began to see the power of the people &
in UK,Ireland the United Irishmen were formed "...
on the principles of civil, political & religious liberty".
This led to the withholding of taxes which in turn
brought down the wrath of the magistrates on the
population followed with repression by the military.
1793/07/11 The fallout from such repression hit the
streets of UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co when a throng gathered on
Upper-John's-Street & were confronted by a force of 50 soldiers.
As dusk fell 11 men lay dead & these were left on view
for a period, to deter others.
1793/07/26 For their part in the affray 5 others
were hanged at UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Windmill-Hill.
1794 An oak bridge was built in UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Wexford
by subscription of a number of people.
Over the next few years, an uneasy peace reigned,
but tensions were growing.
1798/03/30 Martial law was imposed.
1798/04/26 The North-Cork Militia (with their wives & children)
moved into the barracks at UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Wexford.
As horse & foot patrols on the streets,
the townspeople were confused & fearful.
1798/05/29 The Donegal Militia arrived from UK,Ireland,Duncannon
with 200 men as did the Taghmon Cavalry.
Vessels in the harbour were filled with people fleeing in fear.
1798/05 The first Republic of Ireland was proclaimed
in UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Wexford.
1798/06/01 In the early days of the insurrection,
the southern division of the Wexford rebel army established
their main campsite in a farmstead at the foot of
Carrickbyrne-Hill by UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Scullabogue.
This was in preparation for their anticipated attack
on UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,New-Ross.
It was common for rebel divisions, once they established
themselves at a strong-point, to send parties out into
the surrounding countryside to round up people
they suspected of pro-government sympathies.
Over the next 2 days, small parties went out into nearby
townlands & villages & arrested well over a hundred people.
Those rounded up were mostly Protestants, although some
Catholics were held too. The rebels who conducted the
arrests were mostly from the locality in which they
were operating & knew well those they had taken to the
makeshift prison camp at Carrickbyrne-Hill. The names of
32 individuals who carried out the sweeps are known.
1798/06/04 In the evening, the main body of the army
had gone 6 miles to the west to attack the town of
UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,New-Ross & had left a guarding party
in charge of their loyalist prisoners.
1798/06/05 At 4:05am & sunrise, the rebels attacked
the town of of UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,New-Ross.
By about 6:30am fighting had reached into the heart of the town.
By about 8:30am government troops had begun conducting
several counter-attacks. During these attacks, soldiers
took to systematically killing captured & wounded rebels.
One group of soldiers surrounded & set fire to a large house
on Mary Street in which about 70 wounded rebels were lying.
Despite the noise of the battle, the screams of the terrified
doomed men could be clearly heard over much of the town.
They prevented all but 1 man from escaping.
None of the rebel commanders seems to be connected to
the events at Carrickbyrne-Hill, Father Brien MURPHY,
a suspended priest who lived in Taghmon was claimed to
have been the one who sent word to kill the prisoners.
Surprisingly, though, MURPHY escaped the worst of
the counter-revolutionary terror.
Retreating rebel units carried back the instruction to
kill the prisoners. The commander of the guarding party
was Captain John MURPHY of Loughnageer, a nearby townland.
He apparently refused early instructions to kill the prisoners,
but eventually, after messengers had come from the direction
of UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,New-Ross with orders to put them all
to death for the third time, he agreed & told his men to proceed.
At about 9:30am the Scullabogue Massacre began. It appears
that around 20 or so rebels conducted the entire massacre
while most of the guarding party stood about & watched.
The killings were not carried out hurriedly, therefore,
but were conducted in a chillingly methodical fashion;
this is especially true of the executions on the lawn
in front of the farmhouse.
They hauled close to 40 men out of the dwelling house
of the farmstead & shot them, 4 at a time, on the lawn.
At the same time, other rebels attacked a larger groups
of prisoners being held in other parts of the farm &
drove them into a large barn. There they shot at them & piked
them until some of the prisoners slammed shut the barn doors.
Then, the guards set the building on fire.
Inside, panic broke out. Between trampling, smoke & flames,
all of those in the building died. The victims included
men of all ages, a number of women & several children.
Most of them were Protestants, although around 20
are claimed to have been Catholics.
The Scullabogue Massacre had resulted in the killing
of well over a hundred government supporters by rebels.
17 of the men who actually did the killing can be identified:
- 3 rank-and-file rebels were Protestants who later
claimed that they acted out of fear for their own lives
- 5 were present at the killings with weapons
but were not actually seen to take an active part
(2 of these were only about 16 years of age)
- 9 men were the hard core of the killers & consisted
of 2 sets of brothers, as well as a Mitchel REDMOND.
These last 9 were all executed, a few in the late summer of 1798
itself, but most in the summer of 1799 & in the spring of 1800.
There were a few other people associated with the incident
whose exact role is unclear. A few weeks after the rebellion,
one rebel officer was captured in UK,Ireland,Cork-Co
as he tried to take ship for America.
Efforts to reconstruct the circumstances surrounding the massacre
& to detail the killings themselves are hampered by lack of evidence.
Eyewitness accounts of the massacre are few.
A number of despositions, taken from the relatives of victims,
were transcribed by Sir Richard MUSGRAVE & published
3 years after the event & these give us some insight.
In addition, the records of several of the court martial trials
of individuals accused of having taken part have survived.
There are also have the very vivid accounts of the event on the
loyalist side written by Sir Richard MUSGRAVE & George TAYLOR.
Both accounts appeared in its immediate aftermath & both are based
on evidence collected from those directly familiar with it.
On the pro-rebel side we have the memoirs of Edward HAY &
Thomas CLONEY. Neither was present at the killings either
but HAY travelled the county in the year or so after the rising
& talked to those generally familiar with it, Scullabogue included.
CLONEY spent the day of the battle in UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,New-Ross
where he took a prominent part in the fighting & returned to
Carrickbyrne the next morning. His account is chiefly valuable
for the details it provides of the battle. Most critical of all,
is the very detailed narrative of the battle of
UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,New-Ross compiled by James ALEXANDER,
a former officer in the British army & a seemingly
fair-minded observer. His version of events, more than
any other, has a genuine ring of truth about it;
he was a loyalist, tried & true, but it is clear that he also
disapproved strongly of the abuses to which soldiers in the
UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,New-Ross garrison resorted before,
during & after the battle.
There were many atrocities that summer, perpetrated by both sides,
but none can match Scullabogue in terms of raw brutality.
It was the single largest case of mass murder, by either side
& very significantly, it was the only case in which rebels killed
women & children. Beyond that, it was the only major atrocity
associated with Wexford rebels from the area to the south of
the Slaney. In more than one way then, it stands out
as a kind of grim aberration.
1798/06/20 Thirty-five people were killed at the 4 year old
Wexford-Bridge which stood on the approximate site of the
present structure. As the tide of battle turned in UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co
the town found itself besieged by crown forces.
The town surrendered to Lord KINGSBOROUGH but the troops
were bent on destruction & demanded that rebel leaders be
handed over. The army was brutal in victory &
the bridge was again an execution place.
Rebels were hanged & bodies mutilated with heads
being raised on spikes above the courthouse.
1798/06/21 The Battle of Vinegar Hill took place near
UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Enniscorthy when 10,000 British troops
stormed a rebel stronghold of some 20,000 United Irishmen.
In the great, centuries-old tradition of doomed Irish rebellion,
it did not end in victory but in glorious defeat.
Even though their losses were minimised by a fortuitous retreat,
the engagement "is remembered as the decisive defeat of
the Wexford rebels" ["Oxford Companion to Irish History"].
One consequence of the failure of the 1798 rebellion was the
transportation abroad of a sizeable contingent of United Irishmen.
1798 During the Rebellion in UK,Ireland,Wexford
2 REDMOND brothers were involved in the attack on
Kyle-Glebe where Rev. Robert BURROUGHS=BURROWES
was killed by 1 of the brothers.
1799 One Sunday morning when parishioners came to hear mass in a
half burned chapel in UK,Ireland,Monamolin they were greeted
by the sight of the decomposing corpse of a man named
James REDMOND, a rebel who had been hanged some weeks
previously for the murder of Rev. BURROWS of Kyle, a crime he had
committed during the rebellion. His body had been dug up during
the night & left in the makeshift chapel to intimidate the Catholics
[2005/02 "The stories never written about the 1798 Rising"
by Willie WHITE & published by Nationalist].
The next century in UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Wexford
was one of structural & commercial expansion.
At the end of the quays stood the shipwharf from where
regular sailings of passengers, livestock & cargo
sailed for UK,England (Bristol, Tenby & Liverpool).
1832 The Wexford-Dockyard was opened by John REDMOND
on reclaimed land to the south of the quays.
1832 A cholera epidemic broke out in UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Wexford
(6 years after it first appeared in India,Bengal.
10 doctors resident there at the time fought the epidemic.
The Fever Hospital was soon filled & a ship that had
been used to house prisoners during the 1798 Rebellion,
was commandeered as a hospital & moored in the Slaney River.
1916/04/24-30 The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Cásca)
was a militarily unsuccessful rebellion against British rule,
staged in Ireland on Easter-Monday. It was the most significant
rebellion since the rising of 1798. Despite its military failure,
it was a significant stepping-stone in the eventual creation
of the Irish Republic. The event is seen as a key turning point
on the road to Irish independence, as it marked a split between
physical-force republicanism & mainstream non-violent nationalism
represented by the Irish Parliamentary Party under John REDMOND.
1918/03 UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Wexford witnessed one of the largest
funerals ever on it's streets upon the death of John Edward REDMOND,
leader of the Irish Nationalist Party. He came closer than
anyone to bringing home rule to Ireland by peaceful means.
He was buried in the Redmond-Family-Vault on John-Street-Graveyard
in UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Wexford.
Redmond-Square in UK,Ireland,Wexford-Co,Wexford was named after the
REDMOND family & holds a monument to John REDMOND & his wife Mary.
The square has been greatly developed in recent years,
a fitting legacy to the REDMOND family who were deeply
involved in the business & political life of the town.
In fact, much of the land under development was reclaimed
from the Slaney River by 19th century schemes undertaken by
the REDMONDs. Massive urban renewal schemes have brought
new life to formerly neglected areas of the town with major
expansion in the area of Selskar-Abbey where that original
settlement of pre-Viking Wexfordians had built their homes.
sources:
* 1800 "A Succinct Narrative of the Rebellion in the County Wexford"
by J. ALEXANDER & published in UK,Ireland,Dublin;
* 1803 "History of the Insurrection of the County of Wexford 1798"
by E. HAY & published in UK,Ireland,Dublin;
* 1969 "The Year of Liberty: The Great Irish Rebellion of 1798"
by T. PAKENHAM & published in UK,England,London;
* 1995 "The People’s Rising: Wexford 1798"
by Daniel GAHAN & published in UK,Ireland,Dublin;
* 1996/autumn Article by Daniel GAHAN published in
"History of Ireland";
NICOLE
Administrator of the REDMOND & variant surnames DNA Project at
http://www.familytreedna.com/public/redmond/
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